Flannery O’Connor: The Southern Catholic Essay -- Authors

To many critics, Flannery O’Connor was aâ€Å"very devout catholic, [of the] (thirteenth century, [O’Connor described] herself),† suggests Mark Bosco a Jesuit priest, professor of Theology and English studies at Loyola University Chicago (qtd in Bosco 41). Along with being a native Georgian, O’Connor experienced life, albeit short lived, during an era of racial conflict. Although, she considered herself from another century, she was acutely aware of her twentieth century southern world, and furthermore she expressed it through her short stories. As Robert Drake a writer and Prof. at the University of Texas explains â€Å"[she wrote of what she] knew [to be] at her own doorstep† (Drake, â€Å"Apocalyptic Perception† 32), meaning that her strong religious values, southern roots and the societal issues of her times influences her writing. The aspects of O’Connor’s life that are prevalently revealed as influences, are her strong rel igious values, southern roots and societal issues which are portrayed, in â€Å"Good Country People† and â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge,† through her characters. One aspect of O’Connor’s life that is revealed as an influence, in writing the characters, in both short stories, is her strong religious values. As Drake points out, â€Å"she was catholic in the oldest and truest sense of the word†¦ [And was] faithful† to her Christian principles, which was evident in the redemption of the protagonists (Drake 32). For example in â€Å"Good Country People,† the point of redemption comes for Joy when she realizes that instead of her seducing Manly, as she had planned, he has made her suffer by stealing her wood leg, mocking her intelligence, then leaving her helpless in a barn. Joy thought herself to be intellectually superior to Manly,... ...isiana State University Press.1980. xxvii. Print Drake, Robert. â€Å"Apocalyptic Perception.† Flannery O’Connor: A Memorial. Ed. J.J. Quinn, S.J. Scranton: University of Scranton Press, 1996. 29, 32-33. Print Hyman, Stanley. â€Å"Flannery O’Connor.† Seven American Women Writers of the Twentieth Century: An Introduction. Ed. Maureen Howard. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1977. 323. Print Meyers, Sr. Bertrande. â€Å"Ways of Interpretation.† Flannery O’Connor: A Memorial. Ed. J.J. Quinn, S.J. Scranton: University of Scranton Press, 1996. 19. Print Paulson, Suzanne. â€Å"Racial Conflict.† Flannery O’Connor: A Study of the Short Story Fiction. North Dakota: Minot State University. 1988. 69. Print Shackelford, D. Dean. "Flannery O’Connor." Critical Survey of Short Fiction, Second Revised Edition (2001): 1-7. Literary Reference Center. Web. 28 Apr. 2012.

How to make the world a better place to live in Essay

There is nothing which can be done to totally improve the world’s condition presently. However, there is something which can de done for the betterment of the world’s condition. The main point which could affect the condition of the world is Education. Education provides people with knowledge, communication skills, discipline, and also with dignity. â€Å"Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one† said Malcolm Forbes. The supporting idea which could improve the world’s current situation is Religion. Religion provides people with a belief system consisting of discipline, tradition, culture, and morality. Matthew Arnold had said that â€Å"the true meaning of religion is thus not simply morality, but morality touched with emotion†. Last thing that might help is looking at the world in a social aspect. Being social gives us a more understanding character, and it gives us more information about the current issues which at least makes us not ignorant, and it also makes us more open to people. If a person has knowledge, good communication skills, discipline, dignity, a belief system consisting of traditions, cultures, and moral values, understanding, not ignorant, and more open, than that person could cause no harm or trouble to anyone. If billions of people view the world as an educational, religious, and also a social place, then the condition of the world would be greatly improved and would be a â€Å"heaven† to some people. Today, people have no time to do anything. They are so busy working that they don’t even know what is going on around them. All they want to do is to earn money. Money is everything for everyone these days. Money brings happiness to people nowadays, which is totally wrong. Money can never bring peace in anyone’s life. Money can actually ruin a persons’ life by bringing jealousy, and proud into that person. If a person has a lot of money, he tends to have more power on others, which usually leads to an evil act or a selfish act. Billions of people look at the world in an economic view which is the cause of all the politics tensions, wars, and all different kinds of riots and disasters. However, if people look at the world in different aspects, the world could be a better place to live in. â€Å"Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one† said Malcolm Forbes. Education can improve the world’s condition greatly. Without  Education, people would just live like cavemen and cavewomen. They will have no idea about anything. If everyone in this world is educated, there would be fewer problems in the world for example, over population. Education provides people with knowledge, communication skills, discipline, and also with dignity. From knowledge, we learn, understand, and analyze. We need to learn in order to know how things work. We understand by the learning and by all this learning and understanding, we can analyze things. From good communication skills, we tend to communicate well with others with created a better understanding between others. From discipline, people get self-control. Having self-control is always good because you know how and when to act. Lastly, from dignity, people learn how to respect themselves which brings in them an optimistic view. Education can provide all these qualities in a person. Education can make the world’s condition better which would create fewer problems in the world. â€Å"The true meaning of religion is thus not simply morality, but morality touched with emotion† said Matthew Arnold. Religion could also improve the condition of the world with the support of education. Without religion, people would have no belief system or any traditions and cultures. People would not have any history of their own backgrounds and their ethnic values. A religion teaches us what is good and what is bad for us. Religion provides people with a belief system consisting of discipline, tradition, culture, and morality. We need a belief system in order to keep a systematic schedule between work and also personal life. We need discipline because we need self-control. Having self-control is always good because you know how and when to act. We need traditions and cultures because without traditions and cultures, we will just live out lives as a robot. We will not have any festivals and will not believe in anyone or God. Traditions and cultures affect the way we look at things and also affect our thinking. Our traditions and cultures make us act as we do. Lastly, religion provides us with moral values. We need moral values in order to know what is good and what is bad for us. Without religion, we are nothing but just a bunch of people looking at the world in a very practical view with results in selfishness. Supported with education, and religion, looking at the world in a social aspect also helps to improve the world’s condition. If a person is not socially involved, it is likely that that person would have fewer knowledge of what is going on around the world as that person would not discuss about current affairs with others. That person would also not know other people properly which could results in disaster especially during bad times when you need someone’s help. Being social gives us a more understanding character, and it gives us more information about the current issues which at least makes us not ignorant, and it also makes us more open to people. You need to be more understanding in order for you to make good relationship with other people which make it easier to be socially involved. If you are more understanding, people will tend to talk to you more, which could result in being open with other people. Being socially involved can be very enjoyable yet also could be very beneficial. If billions of people view the world as an educational, religious, and also a social place, then the condition of the world would be greatly improved and would be a â€Å"heaven† to some people. Education provides people with knowledge, communication skills, discipline, and also with dignity. Religion provides people with a belief system consisting of discipline, tradition, culture, and morality. Being social gives us a more understanding character, and it gives us more information about the current issues which at least makes us not ignorant, and it also makes us more open to people. If a person has knowledge, good communication skills, discipline, dignity, a belief system consisting of traditions, cultures, and moral values, understanding, not ignorant, and more open, than that person could cause no harm or trouble to anyone. Education is needed because it makes a person who he/she really is and what his/her capabilities are. Religion is needed because it is necessary for every individual in a society. Being social is needed in order for your own recognition in a society. Every person needs to be educated, religious, and also social. These are the three aspects of life. Billions of people’s life could be enhanced if everyone views this world in these three aspects.

Play Review Dead Mans Cell Phone by Sarah Ruhl

Two important themes arise in Sarah Ruhls Dead Mans Cell Phone  and it is a thought-provoking  play that may lead viewers to question their own reliance on technology. Phones have become an integral part of modern society and we live in an age with these seemingly magical devices that promise constant connection yet leave many of us feeling stranded. Beyond the role of technology in our lives, this play also reminds us about the fortunes to be made with the often illegal sale of human organs. Though a secondary theme, it is one that cannot be overlooked because it profoundly affects the main character in this Hitchcock-style production. First Productions Sarah Ruhls Dead Mans Cell Phone was first performed in June 2007 by the Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company. In March 2008 it premiered both in New York via Playwrights Horizons and Chicago via Steppenwolf Theatre Company. The Basic Plot Jean (unmarried, no children, approaching 40, an employee at the Holocaust museum) is innocently sitting at a cafe when a mans cellphone rings. And rings. And keeps on ringing. The man doesnt answer because, as the title suggests, hes dead. Jean, however, does pick up, and when she discovers that the cellphone owner has quietly died in the cafe. She not only dials 911, but she also keeps his phone in order to keep him alive in a strange yet significant way. She takes messages from the dead mans business associates, friends, family members, even his mistress. Things get even more complicated when Jean goes to the funeral of Gordon (the dead guy), pretending to be a former co-worker. Wanting to bring closure and a sense of fulfillment to others, Jean creates confabulations (Id call them lies) about Gordons last moments. The more we learn about Gordon the more we realize he was a terrible person who loved himself far more than anyone else in his life. However, Jeans imaginative reinvention of his character brings peace to Gordons family. The play takes its most bizarre turn when Jean discovers the truth about Gordons career: he was a broker for the  illegal sale of human organs. At this point, a typical character would probably back off and say, Im way over my head. But Jean, bless her eccentric heart, is far from typical, and so she flies to South Africa in order to donate her kidney as a sacrifice for Gordons sins. My Expectations Normally, when Im writing about the characters and themes of a play, I leave my personal expectations out of the equation. However, in this case, I should address my bias because it will have an impact on the rest of this analysis. Here goes: There are a handful of plays that, before I read or watch them, I make certain not to learn anything about them. August: Osage County was one example. I purposely avoided reading any reviews because I wanted to experience it on my own. The same held true for Dead Mans Cell Phone. All I knew about it was the basic premise. What an awesome idea! It had been on my list 2008, and this month I finally got to experience it. I have to admit, I was disappointed. The surrealistic goofiness doesnt work for me the way it works in Paula Vogels The Baltimore Waltz. As an audience member, I want to witness realistic characters in bizarre situations, or at the very least bizarre characters in realistic situations. Instead, Dead Mans Cell Phone offers a strange, Hitchcockian premise and then populates the storyline with silly characters who occasionally say smart things about modern society. But the sillier things get, the less I want to listen to them. In surrealism (or quirky farces), readers shouldnt expect believable characters; generally, the avant-garde is about the mood, the visuals, and the symbolic messages. Im all for that, dont get me wrong. Unfortunately, I had constructed these unfair expectations that didnt match the play Sarah Ruhl had created. (So now I should just shut up and watch North by Northwest  again.) Themes of Dead Mans Cell Phone Misguided expectations aside, theres much to discuss in Ruhls play. The themes of this comedy explore Americas post-millennial fixation with wireless communication. Gordons funeral service is interrupted twice by ringing cell phones. Gordons mother bitterly observes, Youll never walk alone. Thats right. Because youll always have a machine in your pants that might ring. The majority of us are so anxious to pick up as soon as our BlackBerry vibrates or a funky ringtone erupts from our iPhone. Are we craving a specific message? Why are we so inclined to interrupt our daily lives, maybe even thwart an actual conversation in real time in order to satisfy our curiosity about that next text message? During one of the cleverest moments in the play, Jean and Dwight (Gordons nice-guy brother) are falling for each other. However, their blossoming romance is in jeopardy because Jean cannot stop answering the dead mans cell phone. The Body Brokers Now that I have experienced the play first hand, Ive been reading the many positive reviews. Ive noticed that all of the critics laud the obvious themes about the need to connect in a technology-obsessed world. However, not too many reviews have paid sufficient attention to the most disturbing element of the storyline: the open market (and often illegal) trade of human remains and organs. In her acknowledgments, Ruhl thanks Annie Cheney for writing her investigative expose book, Body Brokers. This non-fictional book offers a disturbing look at a profitable and morally reprehensible underworld. Ruhls character Gordon is part of that underworld. We learn that he made a fortune by finding people willing to sell a kidney for $5000, while he obtained fees of over $100,000. He is also involved with organ sales from recently executed Chinese prisoners. And to make Gordons character even more loathsome, hes not even an organ donor! As if to balance Gordons selfishness with her altruism, Jean presents herself as a sacrifice, stating that: In our country, we can only give our organs away for love. She is willing to risk her life and give up a kidney so that she can reverse Gordons negative energy with her positive outlook on humanity. Review Originally Published: May 21, 2012

Essay Writing Rubric High School 5 Main Traits Your Paper Will Be Graded For

As a student, you will have to write several essays before you graduate. In fact, your professor may demand that you write descriptive essays for each topic he or she introduces in class. This may sound unfair, but you still have to write and submit your essays at the end of the day to be able to pass your course. The score for the essays will be used to calculate your overall grade and this makes delivering top-quality papers very important if you want to graduate with good grades. There are a few things that lecturers look at when marking and grading your academic papers. Knowledge of the things that they at look when grading your essays will help you better structure your papers; here is the essay writing rubric high school professors make use of. 1.   Focus and Details You will be highly-graded if your essay is built around a clear and focused topic with the topic supported by accurate and relevant information. The less clear your topic is, the poorer your score will be. Other than a clear and focused topic, your arguments for or against this issue have to be accurate and relevant. Relevancy is very important as you write your essay, and you will be penalized when it emerges that your paper is full of irrelevant information. You should also not write just for the sake of attaining the desired word count. Every sentence in your paper should contain valuable information on the paper’s subject matter. 2.   Organization You will be highly-graded when your paper is organized properly. Organization in essay writing goes deeper than the arrangement of the paragraphs in your paper. It, actually, encompasses the flow of ideas in your essay. An essay should be divided into three parts which include the introduction, the body of the essay, and the conclusion. The introduction should introduce the essay by stating the topic and giving an overview. The body discusses these main issues, and the conclusion summarizes things up. Your paper should be organized properly so that these sections transit smoothly and in a logical manner. 3.   Voice Voice in an essay highlights a writer’s ability to relate to his or her audience. Depending on the subject matter, a writer can choose to support or criticize the issue at hand, and your ability to do this effectively will determine whether you will be highly-graded for your essay or not. 4.   Word Choice The words you use when writing your essay are very important and you should, therefore, strive to use them correctly to gain high marks for your essays. Don’t use words repetitively as this makes your text plain and boring. You should instead replace words with their synonyms to make your writing pleasant to read. 5.   Grammar and Sentence Structure You will also be rated on your grammar and the structure of the sentences in your essay. Your sentences should be of varying lengths and your text should not contain grammar errors. Most professors rely on the above-mentioned rubric when grading essays. Use these tips when writing your essay to present the best possible results.

The Tempest Adaptations and Transformations - 2100 Words

Julie Taymor’s film adaptation of William Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest’ contains many alterations from the play. These differences include how Taymor’s decision to change Prospero’s gender affects the actions and reactions of other characters. Filmic advantages are used successfully to enhance how the audience perceives the gender change of the protagonist, as well as how the behaviour of the minor characters are altered because if it. The relationship between the characters is heightened by makeup, camera angles, casting, costuming and the performances of the actors themselves. Taymor uses these visual techniques of film to her advantage, even adding in an extra scene at the end of the film. The transformation of Prospero into Prospera†¦show more content†¦The symbolism that occurs in this scene tells the audience that not only is Miranda psychologically weaker than her mother; she is also considered naà ¯ve and pure due to her light, sheer clothing. Taymor must use this extra scene to establish Prospera’s superiority. The audience’s instruction in the hierarchy of the island is not necessary in the play because the audience views Prospero with reverence due to his masculinity. Taymor constantly creates differences between the protagonists of film and play. Prospera makes an effort to demonstrate her love for Miranda, by constantly attempting to make physical connections between them. The readers do not receive this visual intimacy in the play. Prospera’s face comes close to Miranda’s and she is always directing her daughter with an arm around her shoulders. The gender change from Prospero to Prospera creates a unique bond that cannot be achieved with Prospero as the protagonist. The difference between Prospero and Prospera’s parenting is that in the play, Shakespeare encourages the reader to view Miranda as a weak character, ‘Oh my heart bleeds... please...fatherâ€℠¢ who will grow up to be subordinate compared to her dominant father. In the film, however, the audience see Miranda as following her mother’s powerful existence, therefore being a stronger person in the film rather than in the play. Julie Taymor’s ‘The Tempest’ explores the way in which the diversification from Prospero to Prospera influences theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Shakespeare s The Tempest 2603 Words   |  11 PagesOne of the most influential plays written by Shakespeare is not one listed above. The play that reflects the life and all of Shakespeare?s plays is The Tempest. This work was and still is influential in both America, Britain and around the world. Although William Shakespeare was an influential writer in American and British literature, The Tempest reaches beyond a comparison to the new world- America and points to an autobiographical drama that is a reflection of the life of Shakespeare and hisRead MoreA Dance of the Forest4738 W ords   |  19 Pagesreturned to Nigeria, earlier in 1960, with a Rockefeller Foundation grant to research into traditional African drama and its continuation in modern theatre, and woven into his play are a series of traditional rites, ceremonies and performances. Like The Tempest, A Dance of the Forests can be seen as repertory of some of the different forms of drama, ritual and ceremony available to the modern International Journal of Arts and Sciences 4(1): 105-113 (2011) CD-ROM. ISSN: 1944-6934  © InternationalJournalRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagestypically puts in 12-hour days. In meetings her chair is directly to his right. She recently led a three-day summit to explain the new agenda to 200 company leaders from as far away as China. The meeting was â€Å"very emotional,† she said. â€Å"Any kind of transformation like this is not only about your tactical plan, but also your recommitment as a leader to be part of the journey.† You may want to keep track of the major changes at Starbucks, since these should reflect Michelle Gass’s input and implementation

Integrating Global Mobility and Talent Management †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Integrating Global Mobility and Talent Management. Answer: Introduction: According to Serenko Bontis, (2017), in the literature review, the authors as have properly reviewed the challenge that has been faced by Global team management to understand the different kind of challenges faced by the company in the end. The cultural barriers lead to miscommunication, it affects the connectivity within the team members, and it creates gap between the goals of the organization and working criteria as well (Collings, 2014). The different members from various countries may pose different kinds of habits along with style of dressing as well as that creates a possibility of acceptance in different organizations. In the literature review, it is analyzed that global team management is essential in the organizations as to implement communication strategies for the cross-cultural employees in the organization. The managers or the leaders in the management has to take care of the credibility of the leaders as this will help in maintaining comprehensive distance and ability to perform in the workplace as well (Serenko Bontis, 2017). The researchers consider the actual challenge based on the cultural differences as finding the measures that are preventive in nature to overcome the challenges has affected the companies severely and it has been noticed in the recent surveys as well (Collings, 2014). The team leaders need global team management skills as to gain competitive advantage along with superior branding. While promoting global teams in international countries, it is difficult for the management team, as they may not understand the usage of global teams initially. To build proper built formation, the entire base requires being operating and strong in the foreign countries that will prove to be more challenging in nature in the initial stages of the formation wherein the culture and the rules of the government are unknown (Collings, 2014). The researchers has also found that proper implementation of communication strategies is essential as this will help in building strong relationships with the employees of different cultures in the organization (Serenko Bontis, 2017). The company and the headquarters are responsible for managing the different subsidiaries and it can be a challenge as well. The main challenge that is faced in the decision making process is making proper decisions for the subsidiaries that are foreign based in nature as the solution to the problem may seem easy from the distant countries, however while applying it to the subsidiaries can be a huge problem as well. Therefore, the different policies and structure of managements are required to be followed positively by the management, as this will help the global management in reducing the difficulties faced by the global team management. The other challenge that is faced by the managers is to make the team members participate equally in fulfilling the goals of the company. Furthermore, as the geographical barrier of the company is persistent in nature in order to convey the goals of the company, it becomes formal and lacks sense of the belongingness sometimes as well (Serenko Bontis, 2017). Proper ascertainments has to be made by the management team as this will help in gaining competitive advantage and this will help in analyzing the geographical barrier as well. It will help in generating effectiveness in the team and concentrating on the challenges, as this will achieve effective results in the future as well (Collings, 2014). Proper communication practices have to be developed by the global team, as this will help in analyzing the critical approaches in the communication process to gain positive results. Lastly, proper training and assistance is required in the company as this will help in generating proper and positive results and help the company in managing the cultural differences in the organization as well. Strengths of global team management The global team management or the multicultural team helps in providing the company competitive advantage. This happens because the employees will be able to understand about the culture of the region along with the geographic area that will help in analyzing the target markets. The global team management helps in being less bias in nature along with more flexibility in the entire process. This flexibility helps in understanding the different cultures in the entire organization. There can be different issues in the management due to the substantial issues that can generate conflicts as well as miscommunication. Furthermore, multicultural employees in the organization are effective in nature as they create diversity in the entire organization as this helps them in analyzing the issues in the organization and integrate easily as well. There are more heterogeneity in the team that can make the works easier in nature and it helps the employees in the organization to face the issues in the organization positively as well. It also helps in creating the members more optimistic in nature about the diversification that has happened in the entire organization. The heterogeneity has also been able to make the employees feel good about their company and it helps in creating a sense of proper and accurate work environment as well. The global team management leaders has to analyze the issues that can create drawbacks in the management process and implement various strategies related to communication as to gain competitive advantage in the organization. It is essential for the global team employees and management to ascertain the issues properly faced by the employees in the process of management as this will help in resolving such issues within stipulated period (Collings, 2014). Drawbacks of global team management There are different kinds of drawbacks that can affect the entire global team management. There can be issues related to cohesion, as this will lead to differences in the culture of the organization as well. The roles need to be properly understood by the company as to reduce the personal miscommunication among the individuals in the workplace (Collings, 2014). There can be issues relating to the diversity in the entire organization as this affects the leadership management in the organization as well. There can be different kinds of disagreements in the organization that can affect the entire management group in the organization. There can be issues in local and technical communication between the human beings in the organization, as this will influence the global team management. When there will be issues in the communication process, there will be ineffectiveness in the entire organization and it can create problems for the employees in the global management team as well. The incompatible preferences of communication can create differences in the entire work ethics and there will be lack of clarity as well. The miscommunication challenge can create issues in the management as this will affect and influence the performance of the global team management in the organization (Collings, 2014). The miscommunication challenge has to be properly removed by the organizations and respect the different cultures as well in order to generate respect in the organization. The management needs to provide equal attention to all the employees in the organization as this will help in enhancing the issues that are required to be solved in the process of management and resolve such issues as well. The different literatures has been reviewed as well as revised and it has been seen that there are various areas that are relevant to the entire research that has not covered the impact of improper global team management in the organizations. There is old-school leadership followed in the organizations of global team management, this can lead to inefficiency in, and the control system may not be appropriate in nature as well. There may be issues in the development of the capability of the leaders in the global team management in leading the global workforces (Collings, 2014). Secondary Research Question What are the different kinds of challenges faced by the management team after implementing globalization in the entire economy? What are the steps that are required to be taken by the management in order to bring proficiency in the business? What are the miscommunication problems that can generate conflicts and considerable problems? Research design and methodology The main processes of the qualitative research is based on determining the questions based on the research are designed in such a manner that it includes who, how and when to collect the data and analyze those data as well (Dufrene Young, 2014). The qualitative research is done with the help of conducting and arranging interviews with various managers and other employees who are higher in rank in their offices in order to generate their opinions and responses regarding the entire research topic. The non-probability technique of the method of sampling is used in order to provide the most suitable and flexible time of the managers as they can take part in the interview session. The size of the sample that has been selected for gathering the entire qualitative data is 10 managers (Collings, 2014). Data collection method The entire procedure of data collection helps and enables in collecting of proper data that are designed in the form of responses as well as opinions of the managers who had been interviewed previously. The entire approach is reliable in nature as there has been ample time that has been provided to the managers in order to take part in the entire interview and they have maintained the data validity as well. The validity of data is maintained properly as this will help them in providing proper feedbacks and responses related to the qualitative data without any form of bias as well (Serenko Bontis, 2017). Proper interviews has to be conducted in the qualitative research as this will help in gaining proper competitive advantage about the global team management (Bryman Bell, 2015). The quantitative research is usually done with the help of statistical data and it helps in obtaining relevant data along with information related to the entire research topic as well. This will help in managing the entire generalization of the data in order to remain entirely focused on the different objectives and develop the hypothesis along with the testing of the theories as well (Hamari, Koivisto Sarsa, 2014). SPSS tool is used in order to analyze the quantitative data that are properly gathered from the respondents or the service users. Data analysis process The random sampling along with the purposive sampling is the efficient methods of sampling for selecting the particular group of the samples from the heterogeneous group of the entire population. The interviews and group discussion are conducted as well in order to obtain the different opinions by making the respondents understand about the entire topic about which the entire research is to be done properly (Serenko Bontis, 2017). The questionnaires are designed in such a manner that the respondents along with the questions are properly present that are subjective in nature and it is based upon the targets rather than being reprehensive (Sekaran Bougie, 2016). Proper SPSS tools have to be utilized as this helps in analyzing the different responses of different respondents and helps in analyzing the data properly as well. The data validity has to be maintained properly as the information that is required to be gathered during the entire research are true along with appropriate in nature as well. The reliability of the entire data is based on the information and data and helped in ensuring that these are correct and are provided without any kind of bias as well. The size of the sample that has been selected for the collection of the quantitative data is 50 members (Collings, 2014). Research limitation The limitations are one of the major issues while conducting the entire research that includes the barriers of language as well as lack of time that is required to complete the entire task. There have been different complexities in the barriers created by language that creates issues for respondents in understanding the questions that are present in the survey questionnaire (Booth, Sutton Papaioannou, 2016). This is the reason wherein the respondents do not understand such questions and they skip these questions as well. The entire research is completed within the stipulated time frame, however some more time would be more beneficial in nature as well in order to cover those areas that has remain uncovered (Serenko Bontis, 2017) From the time schedule, it can be analyzed that proper time is required in order to complete the different tasks that has to be delivered within stipulated time. Proper collection of data is required to be done within a week and selection of the topic requires more than two months in the entire year. Proper ascertainments has to be made by the management as to analyze the responses provided by the respondents on the issues that have been questioned and the responses need to be constructed positively as well. Main stages/activities February March April May June July Selection of the topic Collecting data from different secondary sources Constructing proper research layout Literature review Development of plan of research Selection of proper Research Techniques Primary collection of data Analysis and Interpretation of the Data that needs to be collected Conclusion Development of the Draft Submission of final work References Beuren, F. H., Ferreira, M. G. G., Miguel, P. A. C. (2013). Product-service systems: a literature review on integrated products and services.Journal of Cleaner Production,47, 222-231. Booth, A., Sutton, A., Papaioannou, D. (2016).Systematic approaches to a successful literature review. Sage. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Collings, D. G. (2014). Integrating global mobility and global talent management: Exploring the challenges and strategic opportunities.Journal of World Business,49(2), 253-261. Dufrene, C., Young, A. (2014). Successful debriefingBest methods to achieve positive learning outcomes: A literature review.Nurse Education Today,34(3), 372-376. Galati, G., Moessner, R. (2013). Macroprudential policya literature review.Journal of Economic Surveys,27(5), 846-878. Govindan, K., Rajendran, S., Sarkis, J., Murugesan, P. (2015). Multi criteria decision making approaches for green supplier evaluation and selection: a literature review.Journal of Cleaner Production,98, 66-83. Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., Sarsa, H. (2014, January). Does gamification work?--a literature review of empirical studies on gamification. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 3025-3034). IEEE. Machi, L. A., McEvoy, B. T. (2016).The literature review: Six steps to success. Corwin Press. Sekaran, U., Bougie, R. (2016).Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons. Serenko, A., Bontis, N. (2017). Global ranking of knowledge management and intellectual capital academic journals: 2017 update.Journal of Knowledge Management,21(3).

Why Presidentialism Is Undesirable In A Newly Founded Democracy Brazi

Why Presidentialism is Undesirable in a Newly Founded Democracy: Brazil's Struggle to Liberalize Brazil's transformation from an authoritarian regime to a presidential democracy was a slow and faltered attempt. From the early suggestions of democratic development, there were both administrations that contributed to democratic growth, as well as administrations that opposed this liberalization. This led to an instability in the Brazilian form of democratic government, their economy, and their political parties. The people's reactions to these instabilities confirm the fact that the Brazilian democratic regime was not working effectively. Even though Brazil was governed under a democratic system because the president was chosen by the people, the president rarely acted in a democratic manner. The first signs of a modern democratic government in Brazil appeared in 1945 when the military deposed President Get?lio Vargas. Vargas had created a "semi-corporatist authoritarian regime (the Estado N?vo) based largely on the military."1 Once Vargas had been removed from power, Brazil instituted a competitive multi-party system. Multi-party systems are not a requirement for democracy, "but certainly the history of democratization has been associated with the development of parties and their legitimation."2 This step towards a true democratic government was negated in 1964 when the military forced a reversion to an authoritarian form of rule. The president remained the top government official, but he was merely a puppet to the military. The Army officer corps choose a general who the Congress would elect for president for a set term.3 Castelo Branco managed to hold the hardliners? demands at bay with the enactment of concessions. To make his successor's transition to office easier, Castelo Branco and his advisers reformed the constitution so that the next president could assume power in a "normal" constitutional regime.5 General Artur da Costa e Silva took over as President in 1967. He experienced an average economic growth of eleven percent per year, which lasted from 1968 until 1974. However, the political atmosphere was not fairing as well as the economy. There were many student demonstrations and two major industrial strikes. To rectify this situation, the government reacted with highly repressive police action. Costa e Silva then implemented the Fifth Institutional Amendment. This amendment "authorized the suspension of normal civil rights, such as habeas corpus, justifying the measure by the need to protect national security."6 What made this amendment even more undemocratic is that it had no expiration date; the effect of this would have long term consequences. Costa e Silva was able to take this action because "in presidential systems, the [elected president] winner takes all: He or she can form a government without including any losers in the coalition."7 Because he did not have any of his opposition in the government to contend with, it made it possible for Costa e Silva to pass this amendment. Shortly after instituting the Fifth Institutional Amendment, Costa e Silva died from a stroke. After much debate among the Army officer corps, it is decided that General Em?lio Garrastaz? M?dici would be the next president. He ruled the most authoritarian regime since 1964. "Although elections were held and Congress continued to function (with a suspension in 1969-71, broken only to ratify M?dici1s succession in early 1970), Brazil was in the grip of the security forces, which were locked in battle with several small guerrilla movements."8 Still, even after the guerrilla forces were suppressed, arbitrary procedures and dictatorial practices continued. This is not a unique occurrence in Latin American states. Linz reveals that "...in many [Latin American] countries the periods of democratic rather than authoritarian presidentialism have been short. Most presidents have been de facto governors deriving power from a coup rather than an election, or a dubious election."9 Brazilian presidents were chosen in much the same way: a dubious election where the Army officer corps appoint a general who will become the next president. From there, the legislature, who are comprised of military backers, elect the general. However, M?dici1s administration was considered to be somewhat legitimate by the middle and upper class because of Brazil's continued economic growth and reign of "law and order."10 After M?dici1s term was up, General Ernest Geisel was elected president. One of his Geisel's main concerns was the unequal income distribution; but this problem was compounded by the rapidly growing external debt. Geisel decided to reform the welfare programs that the former governments had left in disrepair. To minimize the negative effects of the new welfare programs, continued high economic growth was imperative. However, continued growth was not quite as easy